皮质骨轨迹螺钉固定在合并骨质疏松腰椎退行性疾病手术中应用的效果

【摘要】 目的：探讨皮质质骨轨迹（cortical bone trajectory，CBT）螺钉与椎弓根螺钉（pedicle screw，PS）固定在腰椎退行性疾病合并骨质疏松手术中应用的效果及并发症发生情况。方法：按照非劣性检验标准估算样本量，经伦理委员会批准，前瞻性纳入2019年3月~2020年6月我院收治的124例腰椎退行性疾病患者，并平均随机分配到CBT组与PS组，分别进行后路腰椎减压单节段CBT螺钉固定与PS固定椎间融合术，经过至少2年随访。主要观测指标为椎间融合率；次要观测指标为术前、术后3个月、术后1年及末次随访时腰背与下肢疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）、Oswestry残障指数（Oswestry disability index，ODI）和日本骨科协会（Janpanese Orthopedics Association，JOA）评分，手术相关参数（手术时间、切口长度、术中失血量和术后引流量）及术中、术后并发症发生率，对两组数据进行组间与组内对比分析。结果：最终CBT组共有58例、PS组56例完成随访。两组患者在年龄、性别、随访时间、吸烟状况、体重指数、骨密度及手术节段分布方面无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后1年，CBT组45例（77.59%）、PS组42例（75.00%）患者实现了椎间融合，两组之间无显著性差异（P=0.745）。每组术后3个月、1年及末次随访时的VAS评分、ODI及JOA评分较术前均有明显改善（P<0.05）；术前VAS评分、ODI及JOA评分两组比较均无统计学差异，术后3个月CBT组的ODI及JOA评分均优于PS组（P<0.05），术后3个月、术后1年及末次随访时的VAS评分及术后1年、末次随访时的ODI及JOA评分两组间均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。CBT组的手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度和术后引流量均优于PS组（P<0.05）。两组硬膜撕裂、神经根损伤和手术部位感染发生率相似。术后CT显示螺钉误置，CBT组发生率为2.16%（5/232枚），PS组为1.34%（3/224枚），组间无统计学差异（P=0.724）。CBT组共有2枚螺钉（0.89%）出现松动并在CT扫描图像上出现移位，发生率低于PS组（10/224，4.46%）（P=0.034）。CBT组58例患者中共有3例（5.17%）出现并发症，PS组56例患者中共有9例（16.07%）出现并发症，PS组总体并发症发生率较高（P=0.041）。结论：CBT螺钉固定在合并骨质疏松腰椎退行性疾病患者行单节段固定融合手术时可获得较PS固定更加优秀的短期功能恢复，以及相似的临床效果和椎间融合。CBT螺钉固定用于合并骨质疏松的腰椎疾病人群的手术治疗是较PS内固定有效且更优的替代选择。     

DryEyeRhythm: A reliable and valid smartphone application for the diagnosis assistance of dry eye

PurposeUndiagnosed or inadequately treated dry eye disease (DED) decreases the quality of life. We aimed to investigate the reliability, validity, and feasibility of the DryEyeRhythm smartphone application (app) for the diagnosis assistance of DED.MethodsThis prospective, cross-sectional, observational, single-center study recruited 82 participants (42 with DED) aged ≥20 years (July 2020–May 2021). Patients with a history of eyelid disorder, ptosis, mental disease, Parkinson's disease, or any other disease affecting blinking were excluded. Participants underwent DED examinations, including the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (J-OSDI) and maximum blink interval (MBI). We analyzed their app-based J-OSDI and MBI results. Internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson's test, respectively. The discriminant validity of the app-based DED diagnosis was assessed by comparing the results of the clinical-based J-OSDI and MBI. The app feasibility and screening performance were evaluated using the precision rate and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe app-based J-OSDI showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.874). The app-based J-OSDI and MBI were positively correlated with their clinical-based counterparts (r = 0.891 and r = 0.329, respectively). Discriminant validity of the app-based J-OSDI and MBI yielded significantly higher total scores for the DED cohort (8.6 ± 9.3 vs. 28.4 ± 14.9, P < 0.001; 19.0 ± 11.1 vs. 13.2 ± 9.3, P < 0.001). The app's positive and negative predictive values were 91.3% and 69.1%, respectively. The area under the curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.910 (0.846–0.973) with concurrent use of the app-based J-OSDI and MBI.ConclusionsDryEyeRhythm app is a novel, non-invasive, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing DED.     

Preoperative morphologic changes of the medial meniscus correlate with suture translations during knee flexion in pullout repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear

BackgroundMedial meniscus (MM) translates and extrudes posteriorly during knee flexion in MM posterior root tear (MMPRT) knees, and transtibial pullout repair of MMPRT has been performed to regulate the MM extrusion. This study aimed to calculate each suture translation during knee flexion in transtibial pullout repair of MMPRT, and to investigate the morphologic features of the MM that lead to longer suture translations during knee flexion.MethodsThirty patients with MMPRT who met the operative indication of pullout repair were enrolled and investigated prospectively. Pullout repair was performed by using two simple stitches (outer and inner sutures) and an all-inside suture in the posteromedial part of the MM. Each suture’s translation from 0° to 90° of knee flexion was measured intraoperatively. The MM morphologic features, including MM medial extrusion (MMME) and MM posterior height (MMPH), were measured using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, and the correlation between these values and each suture translation was evaluated.ResultsThe average outer, inner, and all-inside suture translations were 4.8 mm, 3.9 mm, and 1.3 mm, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between the outer suture translation and MMME, and MMPH (p < 0.001 and <0.01, respectively). The thresholds for preoperative MMME and MMPH for longer outer suture translations (≥6 mm) were 2.1 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively.ConclusionsPreoperative longer MMME and higher MMPH were associated with longer meniscus translations during knee flexion during MMPRT repair.     

改良带角膜缘干细胞的游离结膜瓣移植术治疗翼状胬肉

目的:探讨改良带角膜缘干细胞的游离结膜瓣移植术治疗翼状胬肉的临床疗效及对泪膜功能的影响。方法:病例对照研究。将我院2017-03/2021-03收治的60例60眼翼状胬肉患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各30例30眼,对照组给予翼状胬肉切除联合羊膜移植术治疗,观察组给予翼状胬肉切除联合改良带角膜缘干细胞的游离结膜瓣移植术治疗,治疗周期均为21d。比较两组患者临床疗效、手术时间、角膜创面修复时间,术前和术后1、3mo的干眼评分、泪膜破裂时间值和基础泪液分泌试验值以及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组临床治疗总有效率高于对照组(χ²=5.963,P=0.015),观察组手术时间长于对照组(t=-2.643,P<0.05),角膜创面修复时间短于对照组(t=2.182,P<0.05)。两组患者在术后1、3mo,干眼评分与术前比较均下降(均P<0.05),且观察组与对照组比较有差异(t=2.082、3.956,均P<0.05)。术后1、3mo泪膜破裂时间与术前比较均升高(均P<0.05),且观察组与对照组比较有差异(t=4.245、2.070,均P<0.05);术后1、3mo基础泪液分泌试验值与术前比较均升高(均P<0.05),且观察组与对照组比较有差异(t=2.076、2.223,均P<0.05)。两组患者的并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.572)。结论:改良带角膜缘干细胞的游离结膜瓣移植术可有效改善翼状胬肉患者临床症状,改善泪膜功能,利于术后角膜创面修复,不良反应发生率较低。